1800 Eagle - 1800 $10 PCGS AU58. BD-1, R7, PCGS AU58. This low mintage, near-Mint State 1800 Eagle has a sharp strike and abundant mint luster within its devices. Full details are seen on the centers of the stars, Libertys hair, the upper part of the shield, most of the stars above the eagle, and the clouds. Just a touch of wear is seen at the highest points, which keeps this 1800 Eagle piece from a Mint State grade. The surfaces of this 1800 Eagle are original, clean, and, for the grade, free of individually distracting abrasions or other marks. (The scuff mark on the top of the shield is on the holder not the coin.) The pieces authenticity is established by the double punched Star 7 and the die crack across the tops of the letters of LIBERTY.

This 1800 Eagle is known as the BD-1 because it is the only 1800 variety with a pointed top to the numeral 1 in the date. All the other 1800 dies are missing the flag on the 1. In addition, it is identified by the 1 just about touching Libertys hair.

The 1800 Eagle coin was designed by Robert Scot. The obverse design shows a profile of Liberty facing right. Below her is the date which is off center to the left. Between the date and the word LIBERTY on the left side of the coin are 8 stars. Another 5 stars follow LIBERTY down to the bust. Liberty wears a large, soft cap. Her hair flows down and also shows on her forehead. The design was probably taken from a Roman engraving of a Greek goddess. Libertys cap was certainly not a Phrygian or liberty cap. The liberty cap, emblematic of freedom, was worn by freed slaves and freed gladiators in Roman times. It was a close fitting cap used to cover a shorn head, which was one of the ways slaves were identified. Because of the way Libertys hair strands wrap around it, the oversized cap has been called a turban, and the design has been called the Turban Head because of it.

The Type 2 reverse, issued in 1797, shows a heraldic eagle. However, Scot mixed up the positions of the arrows and olive branch. The arrows held in the wrong claw signify defiant militarism. Either Scot made an error copying the image of the Great Seal, or he deliberately changed the symbolism in keeping with very warlike stance. Considering that the United States at this time was engaged in a naval war with France (the undeclared Franco-American War of 1798 to 1800, which took place on the East coast of North America and the Caribbean and resulted in the end of French privateer attacks on U.S. shipping), the latter is probably more likely. The French would be especially sensitive to a message within the heraldry, and the young United States was brash in that they had just defeated the super power, England in gaining independence. In the field above the eagle are thirteen stars and above them, six (or seven) clouds. A banner from wing to wing has the motto E PLURIBUS UNUM.

Thomas Jefferson chose Robert Scot to be the first Chief Engraver of the United States Mint on November 23, 1793. Scot was born in 1744 in Edinburgh, Scotland or England. (Documentary evidence is lacking as to where he was born.) He was trained as a watchmaker in England and learned engraving afterwards. He moved to the United States in 1777, where he worked as an engraver of plates, bills of exchange, and office scales. During the Revolution, he was an engraver of paper money. In 1780 he was made the State Engraver of Virginia. He moved to Philadelphia the next year.

He was appointed Chief Engraver of the United States Mint on November 23, 1793 by David Rittenhouse, Mint Director. His salary in 1795 was $1,200 per year. The Mint Director received only $800 dollars per year more. Scots ability to make dies was limited, and he was advanced in years with failing eyesight. His work was somewhat less than that done in Europe at the time, and Scot was criticized for its poor quality. He was responsible for designs of most of Americas first coins. These include the Flowing Hair and the Draped Bust motifs used on the early silver coins, and the gold quarter eagle, half eagle and eagle. Scot also designed the 1794-1797 half cent, the 1800-1808 draped bust half cent, and the Thomas Jefferson Indian Peace Medal. Scot died on November 1, 1823 and was succeeded by William Kneass as Chief Engraver.

In its population report, PCGS shows 21 1800 Eagles in AU58 condition with 40 better; however, Dannreuther and Bass give the BD-1 an R7 rarity rating, meaning that only 4 to 6 are known to exist. Since PCGS has certified 1 of these varieties in XF45, it is reasonable to conclude that the present coin is indeed a rare specimen.