1862 Three Dollar Gold - 1862 $3 PCGS AU50. This pleasant, Civil War dated 1862 three dollar gold coin has original mint luster remaining within its devices. The coin has an above average strike with strong, visible details on the ends of most of the feathers, the lower strands of Libertys hair, and the details of the wreath. The surfaces are clean for the grade with just one small toning spot in the obverse field. The light and dark yellow and greenish gold colors affirm the coins originality. The smudge mark on the reverse over the date is on the holder not the coin.
 
Of all the gold coin series, Longacres three-dollar gold is in many ways the least complex. There was just one major design, the Indian Princess motif, and the coins were produced continuously from 1854 to 1889. In the first year a variety was made in that all the coins have the word DOLLARS in small letters, and in 1873 there were Open and Close 3s in the date for proof coins and Close 3s for circulation strikes.

James Longacre designed the coin using the Indian Princess for his main device. He had to create a motif for the three dollar gold coin that would be distinctly different from the quarter and half eagle coronet designs. The design, similar to his gold dollar Large Head, shows a head of Liberty facing left in profile wearing a stylized headdress. Inscribed on the headband is LIBERTY. She is surrounded by the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. In using the Indian Princess design, Longacre felt that he was creating something that was uniquely American rather than an adoption from the classics. The reverse of the piece shows an open wreath of corn, cotton, wheat, and tobacco tied at the bottom with a bow. The denomination 3 appears at the top center of the wreath, with DOLLARS and the date below within the wreath. Longacre liked the wreath design so much that he adopted it for use on the small cent of 1856.

Longacre was born in Pennsylvania in 1794. When he finished his apprenticeship in Philadelphia as a bookseller and a banknote engraver, he worked on his own as an engraver of book illustrations and bank notes. His works included one on the signers of the Declaration of Independence and another on stage personalities. In 1830, Longacre began a series of biographies of famous men in the military and the political arena. In 1834 the result of this series became the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans that was published in four volumes. Longacre and those who worked with him became famous because of this work. In 1844 Longacre came to work at the Mint. He was opposed by Franklin Peale, the Chief Coiner. Peale was probably responsible for some blundered dies that Longacre was criticized for making. Peal was involved in a private, illegal medal manufacturing business using Mint facilities. He was concerned that this new political appointee would interfere with his business, and he resisted Longacres appointment as Chief Engraver. Finally in 1854, Peale was fired by President Franklin Pearce. Longacre flourished in his position and was responsible for creating many new designs including the Indian Head cent, the two-cent piece, the Shield nickel, the Liberty Head gold dollar, the Indian Princess gold dollar, the three-dollar gold piece, and the Liberty Head double eagle. 

In its population report, PCGS shows that it has certified 22 1862 three dollar gold coins at the AU50 grade level. Here is an opportunity to obtain an authentic, certified Civil War-time artifact that would fit nicely into any set of gold or type coins.